19.12.2025
“Pessimism of the Mind, Optimism of the Will” – On the Interplay Between Democracy and Sustainability
“We need the pessimism of the mind and the optimism of the will.” With this quotation from the Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci, which can be traced to the French humanist and writer Romain Rolland, Jürgen Trittin concluded his keynote speech. This appeal – to see the world as it is, whilst having the courage to believe it can be better and more sustainable – not only captures the attitude of many transformation scientists gathered at the 2025 RIFS Conference, but also reflects substantive and methodological explorations of the interplay between democracy and sustainability.