Headline: Options for Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance of Human Activities in the Southeast Pacific Region

The negotiations for an international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of BBNJ provides a unique opportunity to strengthen international MCS provisions. This can be done through the fu-ture BBNJ treaty (Cremers et al., 2020a) but also through existing frameworks, including at the regional level. In this context, this re-port offers recommendations to the Member States of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) with a view to supporting decisions on how MCS can be strength-ened in the region.