Soziales Nachhaltigkeitsbarometer der Transformation: Konzept und Methodik

The Social Sustainability Barometer of Transformation (SNB) examines public perceptions of the transformation towards sustainability in Germany. It focuses on attitudes and experiences related to the energy, transport, and heating transitions as central pillars of the sustainability transformation. Drawing on an empirical foundation to analyze the citizens' perspectives, expectations, and concerns, the barometer assesses the extent to which the transition is perceived as socially sustainable. The underlying concept of social sustainability serves as a guiding principle for shaping transformation processes. In this context, sustainability refers not only to the intended outcome of a transformation – such as a climate-neutral energy system – but also to the manner in which this change is implemented. This guiding principle is oriented toward fundamental social values, including justice, participation, solidarity, and the safeguarding of quality living conditions. Crucially, the subjective perception of the population is central, as attitudes, expectations, concerns, and acceptance – as well as perceptions of fairness and opportunities for participation – can only be captured through the perspectives of those directly affected. Social sustainability within the SNB is defined by five interrelated dimensions: acceptance, procedural participation, social cohesion, socio-economic justice, and environmental quality and well-being. While these dimensions are conceptually distinct, they are empirically closely linked; for instance, opportunities for participation and perceived fairness can act as both independent characteristics of social sustainability and as drivers that strengthen the legitimacy and acceptance of the transition. Methodologically, the SNB is based on an annual online panel survey. The current design builds upon previous iterations from 2017–2019 and 2021–2023, enabling both long-term comparisons and the analysis of contemporary societal developments. The instrument combines recurring monitoring questions with variable modules that address current political and social debates. Ultimately, the Social Sustainability Barometer integrates a theoretically grounded concept of social sustainability with long-term empirical observation of public perception. This allows researchers to investigate not only whether the tran sition enjoys public support, but also the specific conditions under which it is perceived as fair, participatory, legitimate, socially embedded, and compatible with a high quality of life. By combining repeated panel surveys, monitoring, and thematic modules, the tool provides a foundation for mapping both long-term trends and the current dynamics of the sustainable transition in Germany.